Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers

Cloud mainly has three types of users. They are:

• End users
• Users who manage the business.
• Service providers of the cloud.

Cloud Computing is nothing but an app-based software infrastructure that provides the network of numerous remote servers that are hosted on the Internet. We can store the data into those remote servers and can access the stored data through the Internet. These networks of servers have replaced the PCs or local servers and are used to store, manage, and process data securely.

• Resource pooling
• Self-Service on demand
• Large Network access
• Easy maintenance
• Automatic system
• Availability
• Pay as you go
• Economical
• Security

The major benefits of Cloud Computing are :

• Low-Cost Capital
• Security
• Data loss prevention
• Collaboration
• Mobility
• Flexibility
• Productivity
• Software update

On-demand functionality is all about providing access to the virtual, configurable shared IT resources like networks, servers, apps, storage, service, etc, based on the demand made through the subscription.

• Amazon Web Services
• Microsoft Azure
• Red Hat
• IBM Cloud
• Google Cloud
• VMware Cloud
• DigitalOcean
• Rackspace
• Oracle Cloud
• Alibaba Cloud

There are 6 properties in cloud computing, mainly. They are:

• User-centric
• Task-centric
• Accessible
• Intelligent
• Programmable
• Powerful

User -> User Interface -> System Management -> Provisioning Services -> Cloud Server -> Web Application

• Apache Hadoop
• MapReduce

The cloud is hosted with the strongest and healthy backup as well as some good recovery solutions that help us in getting our lost data back.

The list of components are:

• Cloud Ingress
• Processor Speed
• Cloud storage devices
• Cloud provided services
• Intra-cloud communications

The phases that are involved mainly involved in cloud architecture are :

• Launch Phase
• Monitor Phase
• Shutdown Phase
• Cleanup Phase

The building blocks that we find in the cloud architecture are:

• Reference architecture
• Technical architecture
• Deployment operation architecture

• Zero infrastructure investment
• Just in time infrastructure
• High productivity
• More efficient resource utilization
• Reducing the heat emission
• Remote working, etc.

The capital expenditure and security are what we should talk about here. Unlike having a lot of local servers in applying for parallel transactions that cost a fortune, all you need to do now through the cloud is to buy or rent some buckets and the things you are going to deal with, be it data storage, access, or any other computation. Here, you can increase or decrease the usage of buckets based on the need, reducing the cost, and providing a secure room to the data.

Buckets are the containers that are used to store and hold the data. Data that we store in the cloud storage should be present in the buckets. You can store or retrieve the data, be it of any amount, from the buckets you own, anytime and anywhere through the web.

Amazon S3 bucket, powered by Amazon Web Services, is a public cloud storage resource. It is an object storage service.

Let us consider the festive environment. Coming to the e-commerce sites, they get lots of traffic during the festival seasons due to the announcement of offers. When there is a chance of an increase in traffic, the data storage or access will be more for the application. In such cases, they rent more buckets for the computations and once the season is done, they can release the buckets. Traditionally, in such cases, buying servers cost a fortune. But in the case of a cloud, renting the resources in need – drops the cost from the hill to a mole.

Remote Working is the best solution that the Cloud provides. You don’t need to work on-site anymore. Just connect and start working or access your data. The best example is the happening of collaboration between the teams in case of sharing the documents, or you, uploading the documents to your cloud gives you a positive point of accessing those documents from any other device in which your cloud id is logged in.Cloud Computing Training in Chennai at FITA provides extensive training of the Cloud Computing concepts and its application under the mentorship of experts from the Cloud-platform.

Cloud computing provides security than any other regular onsite work does. In local servers and PCs, the servers are increasingly prone to the cyber-attacks which may corrupt or misuse the data in them. But, the Cloud sets the best security to the data and has a very few, minute, loop-holes. Even in the large traffic, the cloud filters out the illegitimate users and their access to the data by blocking them from getting to the server.

In Cloud Computing, On-demand Computing is much inclined towards enterprise systems and is all about providing the IT resources on-demand to any entrepreneur or app developer by a Cloud provider.

Here are some of the best and secure Cloud Storage Service providers out there. They are :

• AWS – Amazon Web Services
• Microsoft’s Azure
• Google Cloud Services / Drive.
• Oracle
• SpiderOak
• pCloud
• DropBox
• iCloud Drive

The Cloud provider maintains a good number of resources like :

• Networks
• Servers
• Storage
• Applications
• Services
• Security to the data

Cloud Computing has three main layers namely :

• IaaS – Infrastructure-as-a-service
• PaaS – Platform-as-a-service
• SaaS – Software-as-a-service

Infrastructure-As-A-Service is the complete phrase of an abbreviation – IaaS, which is one of the major layers of Cloud Computing. As in the name itself, IaaS delivers computing Infra and is a self-servicing system that provides services like providing servers, storage, networking, etc through virtualization. Instead of buying the complete hardware, IaaS provides a service for you to purchase the needed resources only.

In IaaS, the providers manage the cloud components like servers, storage, networking, etc through virtualization.

In IaaS, the clients manage the management of components like application, data, runtime, middleware, and OS.

Here are the few advantages of the layer, IaaS.

• It is a flexible computing model
• Cost-effective
• Scalable
• Purchase the resources in need system
• Accessible by multiple users just on one hardware

• Security
• Internal resources & training
• Not ideal for legacy Systems

Few examples for IaaS are :

• Amazon Web Services
• DigitalOcean
• Microsoft Azure
• Google Compute Engine
• Cisco Metacloud

Platform-as-a-Service is the complete phrase of an abbreviation – PaaS, which is one of the major layers of Cloud Computing being used mostly for the applications. As in the name itself, PaaS is all about providing the platform to develop software like Rails, Django, etc. It is delivered through the web so that it would be easy for the developers to freely work without frowning upon OS, software updates, infra, or storage.

In PaaS, the providers manage the cloud components like runtime, middleware, OS, servers, storage, networking, etc through virtualization.

In PaaS, the clients manage the management of components like application and the data.

Here are the few advantages of the layer, PaaS.

• Can develop and deploy a product at low cost
• Easy to customize applications
• Scalable
• Business policy’s automation
• Highly available

• Data Security
• Isn’t ideal Legacy system’s customization
• Runtime issues
• Operational limitation

Few examples for PaaS are :

• Windows Azure
• Heroku
• Force.com
• Google App Engine
• OpenShift
• Apache Stratos

Software-as-a-Service is the complete phrase of an abbreviation – SaaS, which is one of the major layers of Cloud Computing being used mostly for the applications. As in the name itself, SaaS is all about making the software available to the users by the means of the internet. It can be free or takes a subscription fee. Most of the SaaS-based applications are delivered through the web making it easy for the users, not to either download or install them to access.

In SaaS, providers (third party vendors) manage almost all the cloud components like application, data, runtime, middleware, OS, servers, storage, networking, etc through virtualization. These are the frequently asked Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers for the freshers and experienced candidates in an interview.

Here are the few advantages of the layer, SaaS.

• A ‘No’ to installation or downloading of an app, as it is accessible directly through the internet.
• Everything is available over the internet
• Can access the software from any device
• Scalable
• Highly available

• Lack of control
• Feature limitations
• Performance and downtime
• Minimal Customization
• Issues with integrating with existing apps
• May result in compromised security

Few examples for SaaS are :

• Google Apps
• Dropbox
• Salesforce
• Cisco WebEx
• Concur
• GoToMeeting

The deployment models that are supported by Cloud Computing are:

• Private Cloud
• Public Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud
• Community Cloud

The private cloud is a single-owner environment. The organization that opts for this type of cloud doesn’t share its resources with other users. The resources are completely owned, operated, used solely by that organization only.

The private cloud is ideal for storing and controlling the highly sensitive data, as it offers more security. Best for storing medical records, business secrets, trade secrets, and other confidential data.

The Public cloud is a cloud where the resources are shared among the users as well as various organizations for the usage and deployment. Although the network is high, access to the resources is done through various ways mostly using a mail account and password match. The majority of the resources are made public here, except the confidential data like passwords and other major things.

Most of the confidential information is encrypted and stored, blocking users from accessing them. So, to access my info, I need to get the authorized credentials and should provide the correct username and password.

• Google
• Amazon
• Microsoft
• IBM
• Alibaba

The combination of the two other clouds, i.e., the blend of a private and a public cloud is said to be a hybrid cloud. What makes it complex is that multiple platforms should be dealt with by the organization, and should be clear on where the data should be stored.

• Netflix
• Airbnb
• Hulu
• Uber

It is a similar and recent version related to the private cloud. The Community cloud deals with multiple companies that work on the same platform within a single community, with the same goals, concerns, and needs reflecting more similarities. While the private cloud is a single-tenant platform, a community cloud is a multi-tenant platform where every tenant of it works on similar projects. .These are the generally asked Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers for the Freshers and Experienced candidates during the interview.

As community cloud is all about providing resources shared to multiple tenants or organizations that work on similar interests and all belong to a specific community, it is most ideal for tenders, ventures, business institutions, research institutions, etc.

As a hybrid cloud is the combination of public and private clouds, it can be used to do big computations on insensitive data by placing such data in the public portion while keeping the sensitive data in the private portion. But, as a community cloud is much inclined towards the private cloud, it can be used in case of business solutions.

• The public cloud shares the virtualized resources publicly, where the private cloud shares its resources privately.
• The public cloud system supports multiple user accession and the private cloud supports only a dedicated set of users.
• The public cloud system will be suitable for the less confidential information, where the private one is most suitable to store the most confidential information.

The data types that are used in Cloud Computing are :

• Boolean
• Date
• Emails
• Images
• Text
• Number
• Locale
• Contracts
• Decimal, etc

The virtual (which is not real, but creating an illusion, a parallel space type) creation of a component or a service such as an Operating System, data, application, storage, desktop, server, or any network is said to be virtualization. Simply, it is all about sharing an app or a physical instance of a resource to the number of organizations or users

The main usage of virtualization is to create or to maximize the number of resources without increasing the hardware, Simply, by creating or abstracting a virtual guest resource/machine/environment from an underlying actual physical hardware or software. It is all about sharing the infrastructure between the actual and virtual machines, which reduces the cost, hardware, heat emission, etc.

A host machine is an actual machine in which the virtualization of a resource or a virtual machine is created; while the machine which is the virtualization of the actual machine (simply, the virtual machine) is said to be the Guest machine.

• Low cost
• Easy recovery of data in case of its loss
• Quick backups
• Easier testing
• Flexible operations
• Eliminates the risk of a system failure or a network failure
• Improves productivity

A hypervisor is a software or a firmware that deals with the sharing of resources between the Host Machine and the number of Virtual/Guest Machines. It controls and monitors the memory, processor, and other hardware devices present in the host or physical system.

• VMware
• Hyper-V
• vSphere
• Citrix
• Oracle VM
• Azure

These are the commonly asked Cloud Interview Questions for freshers & experienced candidates in an interview.

• A Cloud Operating System
• Management of the service level policies
• Keeping the backend level and user level concepts separate from each other.

In Cloud Computing, Virtualizations are of four types. They are :

• Hardware Virtualization
• Server Virtualization
• Storage Virtualization
• Operating System Virtualization

Hardware Virtualization is nothing but the installation of the Virtual Machine Software on the hardware system of the host machine.

It is easier to handle and control the virtual hardware than that of physical hardware. So, Hardware Virtualization helps in controlling the computations and system, easily.

• Flexibility
• Resources at low cost
• Efficient resource utilization
• More uptime

Server Virtualization is nothing but the installation of the Virtual Machine Software on the server system of the host machine.

It helps in balancing the load on the physical server by sharing the load to the virtual servers, as the only physical server is divided into the number of virtual servers based on the demand made.

• Flexibility
• Resources at low cost (reduced hardware cost)
• Efficient resource utilization
• Improved server provisioning and deployment
• Increase in productivity
• Emission of heat is reduced

Operating System Virtualization is nothing but the installation of the Virtual Machine Software on the Operating system of the host machine.

It is mainly useful to test how the application is working on various Operating Systems. This can be done, when the operating systems are different from each other (Like, if one is Windows and the other one Linux, and the third one is Mac). So, we can do the tests using a single system with several virtual machine creations in the host. The above are the Important Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers that are put forth to the freshers and Experienced candidates during the Interview.

• Flexibility
• Resources at low cost (reduced hardware cost)
• Efficient resource utilization
• Faster resource provisioning
• Increase in productivity
• Emission of heat is reduced
• Minimized downtime

Server Virtualization is nothing making a single storage device look alike, by grouping the physical storage of several network storage devices.

Storage virtualization mainly helps in the purposes like backing up and recovering the data that has been lost.

• No compromising of data. The data is stored in various locations away from the host, which helps in recovery in case of loss.
• Resources at low cost (reduced hardware cost)
• Efficient resource utilization
• Replication, reduplication of data
• Flexible storage
• Emission of heat is reduced

In cloud computing, the data centers are of two categories. They are :

• Containerized Data Center
• Low-Density Data Center

Mobile computing is one of the famous technologies which deals with the transmission of data or receiving data in the form of video, audio, etc. through a computer or a wireless device that is not connected to any physical links.

Cloud computing is a technology that is about allotting the virtualized resources on demand and is about the storage and accession of data into and from the remote servers through the internet, and mobile computing is all about storing and managing the data by the user when he gets the accession due to the application run on a remote server.

In cloud computing, scalability is one of its characteristics that handles the change in workload by increasing or decreasing the amount of resource capacity. If the workload is increased, the architecture provides the resources on-demand, if decreases, they release the resources.

In cloud computing, elasticity is one of the characteristics and is used to quickly provision and de-provision of resources like memory, processing speed, and storage, by adopting the workload, to meet the changing demands of resources, automatically.

Utility computing is one of the IT service models in which the provider holds the control, ownership, management of the resources and provides them to the users/subscribers based on demand through rental, or pay-per-use billing, or metered method.Cloud Computing Training in Bangalore at FITA provides the best-in-class training of the cloud concepts with certification upon completion.

In cloud computing, the acronym ‘EUCALYPTUS’ is an abbreviation for the phrase “Elastic Utility Computing Architecture For Linking Your Programs To Useful Systems”

In cloud computing, “EUCALYPTUS” is used to implement the grouping or clustering in cloud computing platforms and to build public, private, hybrid, and community clouds.

Traditional data centers are the data centers that are composed of complete on-field hardware, including the server that works round the clock to make the storage and accession happen. These are completely local.

• Environmental/Heat Control Equipment
• Server Racks
• Power Sources
• Cable Management Supplies
• Computer Equipment
• Network Equipment, etc.

Cloud data center is an off-premise remote working center that works through the internet and virtualization of resources, leading to the low capital cost, less emission of heat, less hardware, etc. while, Traditional data center is an old fashioned, on-premise data center which works on large amounts of hardware leading to more emission of heat, high capital, and no flexibility, etc. Cloud Computing Training in Coimbatore at FITA provides extensive training of the Cloud Computing concepts.

• Computation service
• Storage service
• Management service

In cloud computing, System integrator is a strategic process that is used to design a cloud platform. With the knowledge the system integrators have upon the data center creation, they create a suitable cloud network (public/private/hybrid/community) model for the system.

The examples of open source cloud computing platform databases are:

• MongoDB
• CouchDB
• LucidDB

The multinational companies that are the large cloud providers and databases are:

• Google BigTable
• Amazon SimpleDB
• Cloud-based SQL

The modes that are present in Software-as-an-Infrastructure are:

• Simple Multi-Tenancy
• Fine-grain Multi-Tenancy

In this mode, every client is allocated its independent resources. The resources shouldn’t be shared with other clients. So, it is more secure. These are the commonly asked Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers for the Freshers and Experienced candidate during the Cloud Computing Interview.

In this mode, the resources are shared among the number of clients. It is efficient, as each client keeps their data privately but just shares the computer resources.

The usage is due to:

• APIs provide an alternative way of development which decreases the burden of writing a full-fledged program.
• APIs provide the communication line among the applications
• APIs create an application & link the cloud services with other systems

Putting the main action happens in good security management into words, we get the terms:

• Identity management
• Access control permission
• Authentication and Authorization

VPC is the abbreviation of the phrase ‘Virtual Private Cloud’. It is a virtual data center and provides the isolation between the subnets using the resources.

There are a total of two VPC endpoints present in cloud computing.

• Gateway endpoints
• Interface endpoints

Routable is used in the Gateway endpoint. When we get connected to it, services are automatically updated. Interface endpoints don’t use any routable.

The interface endpoint is the endpoint that is available in the subnet and is connected with the elastic network interface.

OGSA is the abbreviation for the phrase ‘Open Grid Services Architecture’, a structure of the set of standards informing us about in which way the information should be shared when it comes to varieties of components of a large and heterogeneous grid system. The above are the frequently asked Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers for the Fresher candidates in the Cloud Computing Interview.

• Fabric Layer
• Connectivity Layer
• Collective Layer
• Application Layer